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Glossary
of Examiner Markings
for Theory

Piano Pedagogy Certificate Program
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Glossary of Examiner Markings

Rudiments Examinations
Symbols / Abbreviations Explanation Symbols / Abbreviations Explanation
circle
error: incorrect or missing item
range too narrow
arrow
concern only: no marks deducted
SP
spelling
TIME
concern only: no marks deducted
LN
leading note
CLEF
misplaced or missing clef
VL
voice leading
time signature is placed before key signature
KS
key signature
MP
misplaced rest, note, etc
 



Harmony/Counterpoint/Analysis Examinations
general
circle
error: incorrect or missing item
double bracket
error has not resulted in a deduction of marks
spelling/notation/rudiments 
DOTS
missing or misplaced dots
RESTS
missing or misplaced rests
TIME
too many/few beats in this measure
ACC.
missing accidentals OR leading note accidental has been omitted
USE ENH.
enharmonic spelling should be used
time signature
time signature should not be indicated as a fraction
CLEF
misplaced or missing clef
double arrow2
time signature is placed before key signature
8ve
alto or tenor clef – wrong octave
STEMS
stems placed in wrong direction
Problems in voice leading 
zig zag

crossed parts

parallel
parallel or consecutive octaves and/or fifths
hidden
hidden, exposed, direct octaves and/or fifths
OL
voice overlapping
VL
voice leading
chord construction 
DBL
inappropriate doubling OR in a 6/4 sonority, double the bass instead of the dissonant 4th or 6th
2 LN
leading note is doubled
3RD
third of the chord is missing
improper spacing: more than an octave between sop. & alto or alto & tenor
WEAK
weak chord choice at this point (ex., link I & I6 with a passing VII6, not II)
ANALYSIS
questionable harmonic analysis
SEQUENCE
observe the sequence
KEY?
modulation is not observed OR wrong key
SPELLING?
chord spelled incorrectly
CHORD?
chord choice inappropriate
RANGE
range exceeds normal range for a SATB choir
6?
4
6/4 does not function appropriately
SUSP.
opportunity for suspension ignored
 inappropriate harmonic rhythm
HR
- too many strong chord changes per measure
- harmonic rhythm is not appropriate to the time signature
- components of the cadential 6/4 construction are separated by a bar line
- avoid repeating a bass note or a chord of similar function over a bar line
- strong chord change on the weak beat causes unwanted syncopation
 invertible counterpoint
5 ? 4 ?
5ths and/or 4ths are not given proper treatment
chorale writing  
STYLE ?
sonorities and/or construction stylistically inappropriate to the chorales of J.S. Bach - a primarily syllabic text treatment is expected in chorale style
FER ?

missing fermatas

TEXT ?
rhythm does not fit the text OR syllable is missing or repeated
counterpoint and melodic writing
x2 (x4, etc.)
augmented leap
E4 (TT)
augmented leap: tritone
(x4)
hidden tritone
leading note
leading note does not resolve
end on/ending
end the melody/soprano line on the tonic
LEAP
- avoid making two or more leaps in the same direction larger than a 3rd
- where possible, approach and leave a leap from within
- let the line move a step rather than a 7th in the other direction
passing
passing note has been left by leap
RES?
- this “tendency tone” should resolve in this direction
- 7th of the V7 chord is not resolved
- 7th of the diatonic 7th chord is not properly prepared and/or resolved
angular
angular bass/soprano line
LINE
bass/soprano line lacks direction
range too narrow/repetitious
IMITATION?
expected imitation is not continued
STYLE?
- style diverges too greatly from the given measure
- sonorities are included which are foreign to 18th century style
too much
too much similar motion here